Knowledge and Awareness of Steroid Use and Adverse Effects: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical Students in Sialkot Pakistan

Abstract

Steroids are widely utilized in clinical practice for managing a broad range of health conditions, including autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and inflammatory disorders. Despite their therapeutic value, inappropriate use and the risk of significant side effects make it essential for future healthcare professionals to have a solid understanding of their proper use. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the level of awareness among medical students in Sialkot regarding the indications, benefits, and potential harms associated with steroid therapy. A total of 425 students were randomly selected from multiple medical colleges and universities within the region. The majority of participants were between 18 and 30 years of age. Information was obtained using a structured, self-administered questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate students’ understanding of steroid mechanisms, indications, and adverse effects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistical tools and presented through tables and graphs. The results indicated a moderate overall level of knowledge. Although 97.2% of students correctly recognized general indications for steroid use, awareness of specific side effects ranged between 40% and 70%, revealing notable knowledge gaps. Female students constituted 68.0% of the sample, and 61.4% were from urban areas. No statistically significant association was found between knowledge levels and age or gender (p > 0.05). However, significant associations emerged with residence, profession, and monthly family income (p < 0.05). Students from higher income backgrounds and specific academic disciplines demonstrated better understanding of steroid indications, contraindications, adverse effects, and usage practices. These findings highlight the influence of demographic and socioeconomic factors on steroid knowledge and emphasize the need for targeted educational strategies to enhance understanding and promote the safe use of steroids in clinical settings.